What Is Quantum Computing, Exactly?
In a nutshell, quantum computers can process vast amounts of data at unprecedented speeds. Think of it like a big puzzle: rather than putting the pieces together one at a time, quantum computing lets you simultaneously see all the different ways the pieces fit together. Qubits, the basic particle units of quantum computers, can represent multiple states at once and affect each other instantly, regardless of the distance between them. This enables it to solve complex problems currently impossible for classic binary computers.
This computational superpower has the potential to solve some of the world’s most complex scientific and engineering problems, ignite new discoveries in healthcare, and benefit society in ways we have yet to imagine.
There’s just one downside: quantum computers could (theoretically) break the most sophisticated encryption methods. As Quantum magazine noted, “if today’s cryptography protocols were to fail, it would be impossible to secure online connections — to send confidential messages, make secure financial transactions, or authenticate data. Anyone could access anything; anyone could pretend to be anyone. The digital economy would collapse.”
Countries across the globe are already aggressively pursuing quantum technologies at a pace that rivals the nuclear race of the 1940s. Late last year, President Biden signed HR 7535, the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act, requiring government agencies to maintain an inventory of all the information technology that may be vulnerable to decryption by quantum computers.
The bill is a shot across the bow of any company relying on traditional encryption. It highlights the potential risks, the need for quantum-resistant cryptographic standards, and calls for collaboration between government and industry experts to ensure the United States is well ahead of this curve.